Did God know that Adam and Eve would disobey him?

Yes, God knows our thoughts before we even think them.

Psalm 139:2-4  You know when I sit down and when I rise up; you discern my thoughts from afar.  (3)  You search out my path and my lying down and are acquainted with all my ways.  (4)  Even before a word is on my tongue, behold, O LORD, you know it altogether.